Systematics and evolution of predatory flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on exon‐capture sequencing

Flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are one of the most species-rich dipteran families and provide important ecosystem services such as pollination, biological control pests, recycling organic matter redistributions essential nutrients. fly adults generally feed on pollen nectar, but their larval feeding habits strikingly diverse. In present study, high-throughput sequencing was used to capture enrich phylogenetically evolutionary informative exonic regions. With help baitfisher software, we developed a new bait kit (SYRPHIDAE1.0) target 1945 CDS regions belonging 1312 orthologous genes. This successfully exon targeted loci in 121 flower species across different subfamilies Syrphidae. We analysed amino acid nucleotide data sets (1302 154 loci) with maximum likelihood multispecies coalescent models. Our analyses yielded highly supported similar topologies, although degree SRH (global stationarity, reversibility homogeneity) conditions varied greatly between sets. The sisterhood Pipizinae Syrphinae is all our analyses, confirming common origin taxa soft-bodied arthropods. Based results, define Syrphini stat.rev. include genera Toxomerus Paragus. divergence estimate beast inferred Syrphidae Lower Cretaceous (125.5–98.5 Ma) diversification predatory around K–Pg boundary (70.61–54.4 Ma), coinciding rise prey.